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Light guns: 300 million GW (6 megatons per shot, 24 guns, assume 1 shot every 2 seconds for time-averaged power output rather than peak output) Voyager straight up *one shot* borg cubes with those, and those things were totally unblockable because they went out of phase with spacetime immediately after launch. We can also reference the quantum torpedoes that Voyager came back with in the finale THAT series. If you have weaponry as powerful as photon torpedoes (and again, those were standard strength and/or ancient tech) you don't need the death star. To make this even worse, the starship that did this in Discovery was using TOS era technology that predated TNG era weaponry by about 70 years. Two of these happen in Ds9 and Discovery, where a volley of standard photon torpedoes *glass a planet* and turn the surface to slag, obliterating all life. HOW much damage do they do? We can reference three separate occasions that are fairly definitive. Photon torpedoes on the other hand are just straight damage dealers. The phaser banks introduced in TNG as a response to the borg rapidly cycle through frequencies to be even better at it. Phaser arrays are lower output but designed to cut through shields like butter. Phaser cannons theoretically had higher energy output, but struggled to do damage once deflector shields became commonplace. Ship mounted phasers are the successors to a more primitive line of weapons called phaser cannons. Trek ships (generally) have two different ways to attack you- ship mounted phaser banks, and photon torpedoes.
THE EMPIRE VS THE FEDERATION PLUS
Of course if it was something like the Rebel Alliance plus the Alpha Quadrant powers vs all of the Galactic Empire or all the Alpha Quadrant Powers vs only a small portion of the Empire due to the Empire needing to still fight the Rebel Alliance and maintain their territory the outcome would likely be different. It a strait up fight the Empire would likely win due to their sheer numbers if they were able to invade with all of their forces. If any sort of official vs project was made I'm sure they would be on pretty even levels tech wise for weapons/shields since neither rights holder would allow their side to be decimated in an official project, so I think that's a fair thing to go with.
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I know Star Wars (at least Legends) had absurdly high number for how powerful the weapons were but the evidence on screen never really supported weapons being that powerful. )ĭisregarding that tech wise it's really hard to say which is better. If you want to get super accurate with how their tech works the Federation would technically win since it would be impossible for the Empire to leave whatever star system they invaded from, since there would be no hyperspace routes/lanes mapped out for them in our galaxy and their ships would slam into stuff when trying to go to other star systems. Imagine the Defiant strafing a Star Destroyer, or Enterprise-E shooting Quantum torpedoes down the thermal exhaust port of the Death Star. Of course the Death Star or another superweapon could play a role and wipe out entire Federation worlds, and a Federation fleet would be hard pressed to destroy something so immense, but again, they could utilize transporters to capture it, or transport over a bomb. Not to mention, they can hide in a star thanks to a Ferengi scientist and his Metaphasic shield development. Phasers are much more versatile than blasters, and Starfleet even developed it's own cloaking technology in secret to compete with the Romulans. However they still have to move them or land on planets by conventional means, where as the Starfleet can transport thousands of troops almost anywhere, which would come in handy if they need to board a Star Destroyer to capture it. They have Force wielders on their side and an almost endless amount of Storm Troopers. The Empire has much larger ships, and even though they refer to their hyperspace travel as light speed, they can travel an entire galaxy which means their ships are much faster.